(国父孙中山) 8 min read During the nineteenth century, China endured repeated invasions and plunder: the two Opium Wars (1839–42, 1856–60), the First Sino-Japanese War of 1894 (甲午战争), and the Eight-Nation Alliance’s (八国联军) assault on Beijing in 1900. These foreign incursions made painfully clear that China had fallen gravely behind the West—militarily, economically, and politically. […]
Sun Yat-sen—Founding Father of Modern China Read More »
(关羽) 5 min read Guan Yu (关羽, 160–220 CE), a general of the late Eastern Han dynasty (东汉) and the Three Kingdoms period (c. 180–280 CE), was so lionized in the centuries after his death that he was eventually deified. He is still depicted in folklore and traditional drama as an icon of bravery
Chinese Folk Heroes: Guan Yu—Man or God Read More »
(诗经: 中国文学的泉源) 6 min read Widely regarded as the fountainhead of Chinese literature, the Book of Songs, or Shijing (诗经, 11th–6th century BCE), is the earliest extant collection of Chinese poetry. These poems—some explicit and narrative, others metaphorical and elusive—were gathered from different regions. They vividly reflect the daily life, emotions, customs, and aspirations
The Book of Songs: the Fountainhead of Chinese Literature Read More »
(严复: 20世纪初中国与西方的对话者) 4 min read Modern China’s “age of awakening,” spanning the late 19th and early 20th centuries, was a painful reckoning for Chinese intellectuals as they confronted the country’s rapid decline in the face of Western imperial powers. Yan Fu (严复, 1854—1921), one of the most influential thinkers of this era, was the
Yan Fu: At the Crossroad of East and West in the Early 20th Century Read More »
(中华文明何以历久不衰?) 4 min read While many of the world’s ancient civilizations survive only in museums, Chinese civilization has endured and continues to thrive after more than three millennia. This continuity—most evident in its written language, philosophical traditions, and historical records—creates a strong sense of identity linking past and present, a phenomenon rare in human
How Has the Chinese Civilization Remained Resilient? Read More »
