(何謂君子)  5 min read   Chinese often use the term junzi (君子) to describe a person of good character. Before the time of Confucius (孔夫子, c. 551–479 BCE), junzi referred to princes or aristocrats. Confucius and his followers redefined the term to mean a person of exemplary ethical qualities and high learning. Although the term—in […]

(历久不衰的语录) 6 min read   Many historical quotations have stood the test of time and continue to offer wisdom today. They remind us that, despite technological and social changes, many fundamental human concerns remain unchanged, fostering an appreciation of the continuity of Chinese culture across millennia. Three themes are explored below: personal conduct, learning, and

(中国古代对社会公义的看法) 5 min read   Social justice lay at the heart of governance in ancient China. It was seen as essential to preserving the state, preventing rebellion, and upholding a ruler’s legitimacy. The goal was not equality in the modern sense, but harmony and stability within a hierarchical order. Rather than “justice” defined by individual

(中国的佛教) 4 min read   The introduction of Buddhism to China is shrouded in mystery. The Book of Later Han (后汉书), compiled in the 5th century, records that Emperor Ming of Han (汉明帝) dreamed of a “golden man” in 64 CE, prompting him to send envoys westward in search of this figure. In 68 CE,