Social Justice in Ancient China

(中国古代对社会公义的看法) 5 min read   Social justice lay at the heart of governance in ancient China. It was seen as essential to preserving the state, preventing rebellion, and upholding a ruler’s legitimacy. The goal was not equality in the modern sense, but harmony and stability within a hierarchical order. Rather than “justice” defined by individual […]

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Ancient Cave Temples of China

(中国古代佛窟) 4 min read   According to a national survey, China has 2,155 cave-temple sites, most of which are Buddhist, though some are Daoist. Buddhist cave art constitutes a major component of traditional Chinese sculpture and painting. The construction of these cave temples was not driven primarily by artistic self-expression, but by karma—the Buddhist belief

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Xi’an—the City of Lasting Peace

(长治久安的西安) 5 min read   Chang’an (长安, meaning “lasting peace”), today’s Xi’an (西安), has a glorious past as the capital of several ancient Chinese dynasties. The region’s fertile soil and proximity to the Wei River (渭河)—the largest tributary of the Yellow River (黄河)—enabled it to sustain a large population for several millennia.   The area

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Modern Travelers on the Ancient Silk Road (1): From Xi’an to Dunhuang

丝路行旅—从西安至敦煌) 7 min read The ancient Silk Road was not a single road, but a network of trade routes connecting China with Central Asia, the Arabian Peninsula, and Europe. Our Silk Road journey traced the Chinese section of this network, traveling westward from Xi’an (西安) through Lanzhou (兰州), Jiayuguan (嘉峪关), Dunhuang (敦煌), Ürümqi (乌鲁木齐), and

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